A variety of research is now being conducted on barefoot running. This should all be approached with caution, as none of it will answer simple questions like “is barefoot running better than shod running?” The simpler the question, the harder it is to answer. The mechanics of running are too complex, with too many variables for one study to answer it outright.
Real science tends to focus on individual aspects of the differences and will seek to compose experiments that reveal these details one at a time.
So any study should be read with care and their findings heavily scrutinised. Peer review, even by you, is a fundamental aspect of good science.
Noted studies
Foot callus thickness does not trade off protection
for tactile sensitivity during walking”
for tactile sensitivity during walking”
Published: June 2019, Nature
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1345-6 | Article | Cached (PDF)
Running in highly cushioned shoes increases leg stiffness and amplifies impact loading”
Published: November 2018, Nature
DOI:10.1098/rsif.2016.0174 | Article (full text)
Logical fallacies in the running shoe debate: let the evidence guide prescription”
Published: October 2018, British Journal of Sports Medicine
DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2018-100117 | Article | Cached (PDF)
Shoes alter the spring-like function of the human foot during running”
Published: June 2016, The Royal Society
DOI:10.1098/rsif.2016.0174 | Article | PDF (cached)
Body Mass and Weekly Training Distance Influence the Pain and Injuries Experienced by Runners Using Minimalist Shoes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Published: January 2017, PubMed
DOI:10.1177/0363546516682497 | Article | PDF (cached)
Orthopaedic Perspective on Barefoot and Minimalist Running
Published: March 2016, Journal of AAOS
DOI:10.5435/jaaos-d-14-00343 | Article | PDF (cached)
Effects of stride frequency and foot position at landing on braking force, hip torque, impact peak force and the metabolic cost of running in humans
Published: November 2015, Journal of Experimental Biology
Strike type variation among Tarahumara Indians in minimal sandals versus conventional running shoes
Published: June 2014, Journal of Sport and Health Science
Foot speed, foot-strike and footwear: linking gait mechanics and running ground reaction forces
Published: March 2014, The Journal of Experimental Biology
DOI:10.1242/jeb.099523 | Article | Cached (PDF)
Foot pronation is not associated with increased injury risk in novice runners wearing a neutral shoe: a 1 year prospective cohort study
Published: June 2013, British Journal of Sports Medicine
DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092202 | Abstract
Variation in foot strike patterns among habitually barefoot populations
Published: 9th January 2013, Plos One
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0052548 | Abstract
Foot Strike and Injury Rates in Endurance
Runners: A Retrospective Study
Runners: A Retrospective Study
Published: June 2011, American College of Sports Medicine
DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31 82465115 | Full Text (PDF)
Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners
Published: 28th January 2010, Nature
DOI:10.1038/nature08723 | Article | Author’s Website
Walking, running and the evolution of short toes in humans
Published: 1st March 2009, The Journal of Experimental Biology
Is your prescription of distance running shoes evidence-based?
Published: March 2009, British Journal of Sports Medicine
Barefoot Running
Published: December 2001, Sportscience.
This paper is too old to have a DOI or an Altmetric rating | Full Text | Full Text (PDF) | Cached (PDF)
Conclusions Drawn from a Comparative Study of the Feet of Barefooted and Shoe-Wearing Peoples
Published: October 1905, American Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery
This paper is too old to have a DOI or an Altmetric rating | Full Text (PDF) | Cached (PDF)